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10 Sheets-Sheet 1.v

(No Model.)

H. M. BURD'IOK,

GULTIVAI'OR.

Patented Mar. 31'

INVENTOR ATTORNEYS,

ANDREW I! GRAHAM. PHOTO-LITHOWASHIN GTON. D C

I0 Sheets-Sheet 2.

wE E5: =I== E w m m Patented Mar. 31,- 1896.-

(No Model.)

H. M. BURDIOK.

GULTIVATOR 5 2 m w M m w .n

10 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

H. M. BURDIGK.

GULTIVATOR. I No. 557,484. Patented Mar. 31, 1896.

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ANDREW BIGRNIAM FHDTOUTNEWASHINFION. D C.

10 Sheetsheet 6.

(No Model.) A

- H. M. BURDIGK.

GULTIVATOR Pategji Mar; 31', 1896.

M.PHOTOLIT710.WASNINGTO (No Model.) 10 Sheets-Sheet 7.

H. M. BURDICK.

UULTIVATOR.

-Patnted Max:131, 1896.

I g-mg; ATTORNEYS- (No Model.) 10 SheetsShe'et 8.

H. M. BURDICK;

CULTIVATOR No. 557,484. Patented Mar. 3.1, 1896.

ATTORNEYS.

fNoModel.) 10 Sheets-Shet 9.

- H. M. BURDIC K I GULTIVATOR.

No. 557,484. Patented Mar. 31, 1896.

QWS

(No Model.) H M BURDIGK 10 Sheets-Sheet 10.

' GULTIVATOR.

No. 557,484. Patented Mar. 31, 1896.

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WiTNESSES: 6?

AN DREW E.GRANAM PHOTO-LITHOWASHINGNKO c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IIIRAM M. BURDICK, OF SYRACUSE, NE\V YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE SYRACUSECHILLED PLOYV COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

CU LTIVATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 557,484, dated March31, 1896. Application filed December 29, 1892. Serial No. 456,618. (Nomodel.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HIRAM M. BURDICK, of Syracuse, in the county ofOnondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Cultivators, of which the following, taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in cul-tivators of the class termedwheel-cultivators, and has for its object the production of a simple,practical, and efficient device which is strong and light, pleasing inappearance, and capable of accommodation to varying conditions of soil;and it consists, essentially, in the general construction andarrangement of the parts of the cultivator, all as hereinafter morefully described, and pointed out in the claims.

In describin g this invention reference is had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, in which like lettersindicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved J cultivator. Fig. 2 is anenlarged top plan view,

partly in section, of the parts as shown at Fig. 1, the front end of thepole being broken away. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional viewtaken on line 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the detachedframe of the cultivator and the drag-bars operatively secured thereto.Fig. 5 is a detail elevation partly in section, of detached portions ofthe frame and one of the drag-bars shown as operatively secured theretoand as arranged with the points of its teeth entering the ground. Fig.dis a similar view to Fig. 5, the rear end of the drag-bar beingillustrated as swung upwardly outof operative position. Fig. 7 is a topplan view of the drag-bars and the detached lower extremities of theframe-bars to which their forward ends are hinged, the drag-bars beingshown as adjusted laterally into closer proximity to each other than atFig. 2. Fig. 8 is a rear elevation, partly in section, of the detachedflexible axle, its supporting-bracket and actuating-levers, and theclamp for holding the sections of the axle in their normal position, theclamp being shown as in its inoperative position. Fig. 9 is a top planview of the parts as shown at Fig. 8, the

axle being also shown by dotted lines as shifted from its normalposition. Fig. 10 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on line10 10, Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is an enlarged elevation of the detached portionsof the clamp for holding the flexible axle in its adjusted position.Fig. 12 is a top plan view of the under plate of said clamp. Fig. 13 isa vertical sectional view of a portion of one of the drag-bars shown inits elevated position and the elevating-lever for raising said drag-bar.Fig. 14 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 14 14, Fig. 13. Figs.15 and 16 are isom etric views of the detached clip-plates secured tothe drag-bars for securing the tooth-sh anks to said bars and engaginglocking-dogs carried upon the elevating-levers for said drag-bars. Fig.17 is an isometric View of the detached dog carried by each of saidelevating-levers. Fig. 18 is a detail elevation of one of the platesmounted on the actuaiingdevers and forming supports for the engagingpieces or levers connected to the locking-dogs, also mounted on said elevating-levers. Fig. 19 is an isometric view of the detached clip orsupport for th forward end of one of the drag-bars. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal sectional view taken on line 20 20, Fig. 3, illustratingclearly the clip for securing one of the fenders or guide-teeth to thedrag-bars. Figs. 21 and 22 are elevation. respectively, of the innerfaces of the inner and outer plates of the clip or support shown at Fig.20. Fig. 23 is a detail vertical sectional view taken on line 23 23,Fig. 3, representing the connection for flexibly securing to one of thedrag-bars one extremity of the straddle-bar between said drag-bars. Fig.24. is a top plan view of the detached plate or socket secured to saiddrag-bar. Fig. 25 is an elevation of the detached pin or bar having oneend mounted in the plate or socket shown at Fig. 24 and the other endadapted to support the adjacent extremity of the straddle-bar shown atFig. 23. Figs. 26 and 27 are respectively isometric views of the outerand inner plates of a clip secured to one of the drag-bars for securingthe tooth-shanks thereto, as clearly seen at Figs. 2 and 7. Figs. 28,29, and 30 are top plan views representing the reversible outer plate ofsaid clip or support as in its different positions for varying theaction of the tooth carried thereby. Fig. 31 is a top plan view of oneof the detached. dragbars for illustrating a peculiar construction ofclip adapted to secure to said bar an inner branch bar provided at itsrear end with a digging-tooth. Fig. 32 is a side elevation of the clipshown at Fig. 31 for securing together said inner branch bar anddrag-bar. Fig. 33 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view taken on line33 33, Fig. 32. Figs. 34: and 35 are isometric views of the detachedplates of said clip or support shown at Figs. 31, 32, and 33. Fig. 36 isan inverted horizontal sectional view taken on line 36 36, Fig. 3. Fig.37 is an isometric view of one of the detached supports for thespringcarrying spindle shown at Fig. 36. Fig. 38 is a vertical sectionalview taken on line 38 33, Fig. Figs. 39 and 40 are isometric views ofthe detached plates of the clip for the seat-supporting bar shown atFig. Fig. 41 is a top plan view of the detached counterweight for theforward end of the cultivatonpole, and Fig. 42 is a rear view of one ofthe tooth-shanks and a clip for securing the same to the drag-bar.

The frame A of my improved cultivator consists offront and rearcross-bars a a, braces a a a a a a, and a pole B composed of a pair oflongitudinal side bars I) I) having their front ends approximated andtheir rear ends considerably separated and secured to the front and rearbars a a. The front framebar a is formed with a central elevated portiona disposed in a plane slightly above the corresponding portion of therear bar a and arranged with its opposite extremities secured by bolts aa to the adjacent surfaces of the separated pole-bars b b. The rear endsof the pole-bars Z) Z) are secured to the rear frame-bar a on oppositesides of its center by suitable clip-plates b b. The outer or endsections a a of the front bar a are formed of metallic bars having, asshown at Fig. 4, upturned fiatwise arms secured at their upper ends bybolts a a to the opposite ends of the central section a of said frontbar a and having lower arms a a arranged edgewise and extended laterallyfrom the lower ends of the former arms in a substantially horizontalplane beneath the section a.

The lower ends of the braces a a Figs. 3 and i, are secured by bolts a ato the outer ends of the depressed extremities or arms a a of the frontframe-bar a, and the upper ends of said braces are secured by bolts a ato the opposite ends of the rear frame-bar a. The braces a* a arearranged in upwardly-inclinin g planes with their lower ends secured bybolts a a to the lower ends of the upturned arms of the front -frame barsections a a and their upper ends secured to the pole-bars I) Z) bybolts a a at points between the front and rear frame-bars a a. Thebraces a a are also arranged in upwardly-inclining planes with theirlower ends secured by the bolts a a, previously described, to thedepressed extremities or arms a a and their upper ends secured by thebolts a a also previously described, to the pole-bars b b. interposedbetween the crossbars a a is an intermediate straddle-bar a Figs. 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, which is composed of a single metallic strip and isformed with an elevated central portion a, downwardly-ex fending arms aa and laterally-extending extremities or arms a a" adapted to beadjustably secured to the drag-bars, as presently described. Thispeculiar construction of frame is very light, is strong and durable, andpresents a pleasingand neat appearance. Moreover, the elevated centralportions of the front and intermediate cross-bars a a permit thecultivator to ride over rows of vegetables or plants of considerableheight without injury thereto, and the depressed extremities of saidbars form a practical and convenient connection between the drag-bars.

The evener 0, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, is pivoted by a bolt 0 to thecentral section a of the front cross-bar a, and is provided at itsopposite ends with suitable eyes a c.

G C are upright bars having their upper ends flexiblysecured to the eyes0 c and their lower ends secured by links 0 c to eyes a c hinged to thedepressed extremities or arms a a of the front cross-bar a.

C C are whifiietrees flexibly and adjustably connected by links 0 c toperforations c 0 provided one above the other in the central portions ofthe upright bars 0 O. This peculiar connection of the whiflietrees tothe frame, consisting of the links 0 c and the flexibly supported bars 0C, permits the greatest possible freedom of the horses or animalshitched to my improved cultivator without impairing its easy action.

D D, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 30, are the drag-bars, which are somounted upon the frame A that both their front and rear ends areadjustable laterally and vertically. As best seen at Fig. 7, the arms aa of the front frame-bar a are formed With a series of perforations afor receivingbolts (Z d, passed also through ears d (1 formed upon clipsor supports D D secured to the front ends of the drag-bars D D. Theseears d cl bear against the upper and lower faces of the arms (1. a and,as the bolt d is vertically disposed, the clips or supports are free toswing in a horizontal plane, thus permitting lateral movement of therear ends of the drag-bars.

At the rear ends of each of the clips or supports D D are separatedupright ears (1 (2 which are of considerable height and width and areprovided with a series of apertures d (1 arranged one above the other.Interposed between said cars 01 d are upturned ends or arms D D, whichare of substantially the same length as the height of said cars (Z (Zand are formed upon the drag-bars D D.

Suitable bolts 61 d are passed through openings (Z (Z in the arms D Dand through the openings d (Z in the cars 01 (Z thus hinging theupturned ends D D to the clips or sup- ITO ports D D for permittingverticaladjustment of the rear ends of the drag-bars. The forward endsof said drag-bars maybe adjusted vertically by removing the bolts (1 dand replacing them in perforations d (:1 above or below the ones inwhich they were previously supported. This peculiar form of the clips orsupports and the upturned ends on the forward extremities of thedrag-bars greatly facilitates an easy and practical movement of thedrag-bars, and owing to the height and width of the ears (1 d of theclips or supports D D and the length of the upturned ends or arms D D ofthe drag-bars D D the front ends of said bars are not liable to rocklaterally between the cars 01 (Z and consequently the strain upon thebolts cZ -d is reduced to a minimum.

The teeth carried by the drag bars D D may be of any desirableconstruction to operate in any required and practical manner upon thesoil, and, as here illustrated, I have shown ordinary cultivator teeth EE, fenders or guards e c, and central cultivating or harrowing teeth ff.

G, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 23, represents oppositely-arranged clipsor supports formed with shoulders g g for engaging the drag-bars D D andwith upright lengthwise sockets g g having their lower ends formed ofgreater width than their upper ends and provided withoutwardly-extending grooves g g G G are pins or bars mounted within thesockets g g and provided at their lower ends with wings g 9 whichregister with the grooves g g when said pins or bars are entering thesockets g g and are moved out of registration with said grooves whensaid pins or bars are in their normal position, as clearly shown at Fig.23.

Upon the upper end of each of the pins or bars G G is a head 9 providedwith an upright slot g extending downwardly from the upper edge of saidhead, and mounted in said slot is the adjacent extremity or arm a of theintermediate straddle-bar a A bolt 9 is passed through one of a seriesof perforations a in said depressed extremity or arm a" and through thehead g and serves to firmly and adjustably secure said extremity of thestraddle-bar a to said pin or bar G, and consequently serves to securethe straddle-bar a to the drag-bar D, towhich said pin or bar G isflexibly secured by the corresponding clip or support G. Theintermediate straddle-bar a is thus adjustably and flexibly connected atits opposite depressed extremities a a" to corresponding portions of theseparated drag-bars D D, and consequently the drag-bars are free to moveupwardly, as shown at Fig. 6, without rocking the intermediatestraddle-bar a from a vertical plane.

As the drag-bars D D are forced laterally, as presently described,theintermediate straddle-bar a holds said drag-bars at the requiredseparation, and if desired to separate or approximate the rear ends ofthe drag-bars the bolts g g are readily removed and registered withapertures a a on either side of the apertures in which they werepreviously supported.

The drag-bars D D are constructed so as to move laterally in order thatthe teeth may be shifted out of their ordinary path for escaping stones,stumps, &c., and for preventing injury to the vegetables or plants, forthe cultivation of which my invention is being used.

To facilitate the ready lateral movement of the drag-bars, they are eachprovided with stirrups D D adapted to support the riders feet, and eachconsisting of metallic bars suitably secured to the drag-bars by thebolts E E which, as presently described, secure the two adjacentcultivator-teeth to said dragbars. In order that the cultivator mayoperate efficiently, I force the drag-bars D D downwardly by aspring-actuated lever or pivoted bar H, which is so connected to the bara that it either permits the lateral movement of said bar when thedrag-bars move laterally or looks the bar a from sidewise movement, andthus prevents lateral movement of the drag-bars, or else permits of itsdisengagement from the bar a for enabling the cultivator-teeth tooperate without a constant spring-pressure to force them into the earth.

The front end of the lever H, as best seen at Figs. 2, 3, and 36, ismounted upon a spindle 71, having its opposite ends supported in platesh h, Figs. 36 and 37, which are adjustably secured to the elevatedcentral section a of the front bar a by the bolts a a previouslydescribed, the inner ends of which pass through slots h in the forwardends of said plates. Surrounding the opposite ends of the spindle orpivotal pin 77. are springs H H having their outer ends engaged withshoulders 77. 71 Figs. 36 and 37, on the supporting-plates h h and theirinner ends engaged with similar shoulders h 7L upon the lever H. Thesprings H H tend constantly to force the free or rear end of the lever Hdownwardly, and, as clearly seen at Figs. 2 and 3, this end of the leverH engages a bracket H extending forwardly from the central elevatedportion c0 of the intermediary straddle-bar a The lever H is preferablycomposed of the front section H which is mounted directly upon thespindle or pivotal bar h, and the rear section H having one extremitypivoted at 77, to the adjacent end of the section H and the otherextremity formed with a downturned end h for engaging the bracket H onthe intermediary straddle-bar a The central portion of the rear sectionH bears against the under face of a cross-bar it upon the section H Thebracket H is formed at its front edge with an elongated bearing or slot7L7, Fig. 7, and with separated upright shoulders h 71. 51113 the rearof the slot h". At

Figs. 2, 3, and 6 the downturned end 7L5 of the lever H is shown asregistered with the hearing or slot 72 and consequently the drag bars DD and the straddle-bar a are free to move laterally.

If desired to register the rear end of the lever H with the shoulders h71 the downturned end h of the lever II is slightly elevated against theaction of the springs II II, and the elevated central portion a of thestraddle-bar a is swung forwardly until the cross-bar hof the bracketI-I carrying the shoulders 71/ 71, 18 in advance of the front face ofthe downturned end 77; of the lever II, whereupon the rear end of thelever II is permitted to descend slightly by the action of the springsIII-I until it rests upon the crossbar 7L9 between the shoulders 7L8 77,and thus firmly locks the drag-bars D D and the straddle-bar a fromlateral movement. When desired to entirely release the lever II from thestraddle-bar M, the rear end of said lever is rocked upwardly anddisengaged from the bracket I 1 which is rocked backwardly, and the rearend of said section II swings downwardly on the pivot 71 In order torelease the rear section II' of the lever H from the strain of thesprings 11 II when said section is disengaged from the bracket I1 Ihinge an arm H to the front end of the lever H by the bolt 7L4previously d escribed. The lower end of this arm H which is illustratedin its normal position at Fig. 3, is swung downwardly beneath a shoulderII 011 the elevated section a of the frame-bar a as the rear end of thelever II is rocked up wardly to disengage the same from the bracket I1and the arm 11 is then rocked forwardly beneath the shoulder H as shownby dotted lines at Fig. 3 and by full lines at Fig. 36, until its upperedge bears against the under face of said shoulder and prevents theaction of the springs H II, whereupon the section II is free to swingupon its pivot 7L when desired to use the drag-bars D D without thedownward action caused by the engagement of the lever II with thebracket I1 It is evident that the described construction for yieldinglyforcing the drag-bars downwardly with considerable force, and at thesame time looking said bars from lateral movement, or permitting them tomove laterally, or for permitting said bars to operate without adownward pressure, is particularly simple, practical, and eflicient, andthat it is compact, is in convenient position, and is pleasing inappearance.

I I are supports for the rear ends of the drag-bars D D. As preferablyconstructed these supports are flexible, and consist of metallic chainshaving their upper ends provided with a series of links, which removablyengage arms or engaging-shoulders i t' upon the clip-plates b b forsecuring the rear ends of the pole-bars b b to the rear frame-bar a. Thelower ends of said supports are attached indirectly to the rear ends ofthe drag-bars D D by elevating-levers J J connected to said bars forraising their rear extremities.

The length of the supports I I is readily ad- 3' usted at will bydisengaging their upper ends from the arms or shoulders t 0? andengaging with said arms links of said chain above or below the formerlinks engaged therewith, and by adjusting the length of said supportsthe amount of projection of the cultivatorteeth within the soil iseasily regulated.

As previously stated, the front ends of the drag-levers D D are adjustedlaterally upon the depressed extremities or arms a a of the frontframe-bar a, and when the front ends of said drag-bars are in theirinner position the lower ends of the supports I I are, as shown at Fig.7, attached to outwardlyprojecting arms I 1 formed or provided upon theouter faces of the central portions of the levers J J.

The levers J J, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, (5, 7, and 13, are each formed with adownturned forward end j and a rearwardly-extending extremity j normallydisposed in a plane substantially parallel with the plane of theadjacent dragbar when in its inoperative low-down position. The lowerend of the adjacent supportIis at tached to the lever J at a pointslightly at the rear of its forward downturned end j j are bolts forhinging the lower ends of the elevating-levers J J to the drag-bars D D,and F Figs. 14. and 1G, is a clip-plate formed along its upper edge witha cam-face j and with a locking-shoulderj, and formed also withshoulders projecting from one side face for engaging a tooth-shankadapted to be secured to the drag-bar at this point and engaging andinterlocking with the clip-plate F of the clip F presently described,for securing the tooth-shank and said plate F to the drag-bar.

7' are looking dogs or levers having their upper ends hinged at j j tothe lower ends of the levers J J at points above the cam-face j" andhaving their lower ends adapted to ride upon said cam-faces and engagethe locking-shoulders j j when the levers J J are rocked to theiroperative position and the drag-bars D D are elevated out of operativeposition.

The levers J J are formed at their rear ends with foot-engaging portionsJ J in suitable proximity to the seat K, presently described, and as theoperator depresses the rear ends of the levers J J said levers swingupon the lower ends of the supports I I as pivots and force upwardly bythe elevation of their forward ends the drag-bars D D. The rear ends ofthe drag-bars D D and the normallydepressed ends of the levers J Jcontinue their upward movement until the extremities of the levers J Jencounter stop-shouldersj 7' upon the outer faces of the clip-plates FF, as shown at Figs. (3 and 13. 7

As the stop-shoulders j j are encountered by the extremities of thelevers J J the free ends of the locking-dogs j, which have been 7 3 asshown at Figs. 6 and 13.

elevated by the cams j j immediately drop into engagement with thelocking-shoulders This downward movement of the free ends of the dogs fis facilitated by s ri gs 1 .7, presently described.

Upon each of the levers J J is alever or disengaging-piece 7' which ispivoted to said lever atj, is connected by a linkj with the locking-dogcarried by said lever, and is forced to its normal position by asuitable spring j bearing thereagainst.

As best seen at Figs. 6 and 13, the outer ends of thedisengaging-leversj j extend beyond the normal upper face of the leversJJ and are in convenient access to the operators feet, and as hedepresses the outer ends of said levers 3' j the links j j rock the dogsf out of engagement with the shoulders f j and the drag-bars D D andlevers J J assume their normal position, as clearly seen at Fig. 3.

The drag-bars D D may be elevated and depressed simultaneously orsingly, as may be desired, and when in their elevated position arefirmly supported and not liable to be prematurely dropped to theiroperative position. for raising and lowering the drag-bars D D is verysimple and efficient and, is evidently practical, since thereby theheight and operation of the drag-bars are entirely under the control ofthe operator.

The fenders or teeth 6 6 previously mentioned, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, aresupported on opposite sides of the central longitudinal vertical planeof the cultivator and are designed for preventing injury to thevegetables or plants being cultivated by the piling or forcing of theearth thereagainst by the inner cultivator-teeth E E. These fenders orguardteeth 6 e are attached at e e to shanks e 6 Fig. 2, the forwardends of which are secured by clips 6 e to the forward ends of thedragbars D D. Each of the clips 6 as best seen at Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7,21, and 22, consists of an inner plate 6, formed on its inner face withshoulders for engaging the upper and lower edges of the correspondingdrag-bar and on its outer face with a circular series of engaging-teethe 6 and an outer plate 6 formed on its inner face with a similar seriesof teeth 6 6 adapted to engage the teeth e 6 At the rear ends of theouter clip-plates e e of the clips or supports 2 e are upright slots 6 cand extending forwardly from said slots on the inner faces of the plates6 e are grooves e? 6 The forward endsof the shanks e e are passedthrough the slots 6 a into the grooves e" c and are thus interposedbetween the outer and inner plates of said clips or supports 6 c Boltsor other similar clamps e e are passed through the separated plates ofthe clips 6 e and through the fender-shanks e e and the drag-bars D D,thus firmly securing said clips or supports to the drag-bars and theshanks e e to said clips. The shanks e e are thus This construction ofmechanism free to oscillate upon the bolts 6 e but their movement islimited by the length of the slots 6 e If desired to adjust the fendersor teeth e e, the bolts 6- are loosened and the rear ends of the outerclip-plates are rocked upwardly or downwardly, and, when desired, thefenders or teeth 6 a may be entirely removed.

The ordinary form of clip E for securing the cultivator-teeth E E to thedrag-bars D D isbest seen at Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7, and consists of asingle plate having substantially horizontal shoulders E E on its innerface for engaging the upper and lower edges of one of the drag-bars andsubstantially vertical shoulders E E on its outer face, between which isinterposed the tooth-shank E of said cultivator teeth. Bolts E arepassed through said shank, clip-plate, and drag-bar and firmly securesaid parts together, and, as previously stated, the bolts E E forsecuring to the dra -bars the cultivator-teeth adjacent to the ends ofthe bars forming the stirrups D D also secure the ends of said bars inposition.

As best seen at Fig. 42, the shanks E E of the ordinary cultivator-teethconsist of a central bar E, having its upper extremity interposedbetween the shoulders E E and a folded bar E having its opposite endsarranged on opposite sides of the lower end of the upper bar E. Securedto the blade E of said ordinary cultivator-teeth are bolts or studs E,which are passed through the lower end of the cultivator-shank E betweenthe folds of the bar E and are each provided with a nut E for engagingthe rear edges of said bar E and firmly securing the blade in position.This is a particularly simple, practical, and eflicient construction oftooth shank, since it is economically manufactured, permits of a readyadjustment of the toothblade, and is strong and durable in use.

The drag-bars D I) are each formed with the inner branches D 1), Figs.2, 3, 4, 5, (5, and 7, having their opposite ends secured to the bars DD by the bolts g g and j j and,

as best shown at Figs. 2, 3, and 5, the central portion of each of saidbranches D D forms a support for the front or inner cultivator-toothwhen my invention is used for cultivating on opposite sides of a row.The teeth are secured to these branches by clips E E, and, as it issometimes desirable in the practical use of my invention to cultivatethe earth without throwing more of the soil at one side of the th thanat the other and sometimes to cultivate by throwing the earth against orfrom the row, the clips E E are of peculiar construction, being formedof separable sections E E, as best seen at Figs. 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30.The section E is,

from the other. The face of the clip-plate E adjacent to the clip-plateE is formed with separated notches or grooves E E for receiving andinterlocking with the proj ections E E, and the opposite face of saidclip-plate is formed with an upright groove E for receiving the shank Eof the adjacent cultivator-tooth E. The bolt E which secures this toothin position, is passed through the clip-sections E E and the bar D, andthereby firmly secures the clip E in operative position.

As clearly seen at Figs. 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30, the adjacent faces ofthe clip-plates E E are inclined, and the opposite extremities of saidplates are of unequal width.

As shown at Fig. 28, the clip-plates E E are so arranged that theirnarrow extremities are in advance of their opposite extremities, andconsequently the tooth E is so supported as to throw the earth inwardly,as indicated by arrow 1.

At Fig. 30 the clip-plates E E are shown as reversed, their narrowextremities being at the rear, and consequently the tooth throws thesoil outwardly, as indicated by arrow 2.

At Fig. 29 the clip-plate E is shown in the same position as at Fig. 30and the outer plate E as at Fig. 28, and it will be readily perceivedthat the tooth E is therefore held in a plane at substantially rightangles to theline of draft and throws the earth equally from itsopposite edges.

It is frequently desirable, especially when my cultivator is designed toact as a harrow, to support harrow or digging teeth in the center of thecultivator, and consequently the clips E E are removed and replaced bythe clips F F, (best seen at Figs. 31, 32 33, 34, and 35,) which consistof separable plates F F. These clips are so constructed as to supportcultivator-teeth E E and the forward extremities of inwardlyextendingbranch bars F F, provided at their rear. ends with the barrow-teeth f f.

The clip-plates F are provided on one face with shoulders F F forengaging the upper and lower edges of the adjacent drag-bars. and on theother face with a substantially horizontal rib or shoulder F formed witha substantially vertical groove F The clip plates F are provided on oneface with a substantially horizontal groove F for receiving the rib orshoulder F on the adjacent face of the plate F and with a substantiallyvertical groove F registering with the correspondingly-lettered groove Fon said adja cent face of the clip-plate F and said plate F is providedon its opposite face with shoulders F F adapted to engage the upper .andlower edges of the front or outer end of the harrow-tooth-carrying baror trailer F.

A suitable bolt F is passed through the bar F, the plates 1 F and acultivatortooth shank E" passed between the P ates F F through thegrooves F F The harrowtooth f is secured to the rear or inner end of thebar or trailer F by a clip f of any desirable form, size, andconstruction. (Here shown as the same form of clip E used for securingthe ordinary eultivator-teeth to the drag-bars D D.)

The clips F F Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 13, 1t, 15, 16, and 31, for securingthe levers J J to the drag-bars D D and for supporting cultivator-teethE E at the point of seeurement of said levers J J consist, essentially,of the plates F F previously described. Each of the plates F F is formedon one face with shoulders F F adapted to engage the under and lowerfaces of the adjacent drag-bar Dand the rear end of its branch Dpreviously mentioned, and is formed on its opposite face with thereetangularlyarranged separated shoulders F F, forming grooves F Fcrossing each other at an angle. The plate F is formed on its inner facewith a hub F and on its opposite face with a rib F", which is adapted toenter the groove F and to engage the shoulders F of the plate F and isformed with a substantially vertical groove F alined with the groove Fof the plate F The shanks E of the cultivator-teeth E, supported by theclips F are passed within the grooves F F, the levers J are journaled onthe hubs F suitable washers F are placed at the outside of these levers,and said parts are firmly secured together by the. bolt j previouslydescribed.

The constructions of clips, previously described, for securing thecultivator-teeth and the branches of the tooth-supporting bars to thedrag-bars are particularly economical in manufacture, simple andefficient inoperation, and are strong and durable in use, and greatlyadd to the eflieiency and practicability of my improved cultivator.

The seat K, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is of any dcsirable construction, and ismounted on a suitable support or standard, which preferably consists ofa pair of metallic bars 7t 7;, having their front extremitiesconsiderably separated and secured by clips K K to the pole-bars Z) Z),and having their rear extremities connected together by an integral bar71:, thereby forming a longitudinal slot beneath the seat. Movable alongthe rear or outer ends of the bars 7t 7c is a cross-bar to which issecured one end of a bolt 7c, passed between the bars 7a 7a and havingits opposite end secured to the seat K. The seat K is thus readilyadjustable along its supporting-bars 7t 7.; by loosening the bolt 70 andsliding the seat and its clamping cross-bar 71: lengthwise of the barsIn it. As best seen at Fig. 3, the forward ends of the bars 70 k, inaddition to their support by the clips K K, .rest upon the top edge of abracket L, secured to the central portion of the rear frame-bar a. Theclips K K, as

best seen at Figs. 2, 3, 38, 39, and 40, consist of the plates K K,adjustable lengthwise of Each of the plates K is formed each other.

on one face with shoulders K K adapted to bear against the top andbottom edges of the adjacent pole-bar h, and on the other face withupright or lengthwise ribs K K and with looking ribs or teeth K K,extending transversely across the plate K between said ribs K K. Theadjacent plate K is movable between the ribs K K is formed on one facewith cross-ribs or teeth K K for engaging the teeth K K of thecorresponding plate K and is formed on the other face with a projectingstud or arm K The central portions of the plates K K are formed withslots K K", through which are passed bolts o a, previously described,which secure the braces a a to the pole-bars b b. The heads of the boltsa a bear against the outer faces of the plates K K and said bolts arepassed through perforations K K in the plates K K and through thepole-bars Z) b and the adjacent ends of the braces a a and firmly securesaid clips KK in position.

The ends of the seat-supporting bars k are j ournaled on the studs orarms K K and are held from disengagement by suitable cotter keys orshoulders K K. WVhen desired to adjust the elevation of the seat to therider, in order that his feet may be supported conveniently near thestirrups D D of the dragbars D D and the foot-engaging portions J J ofthe levers J J, the bolts a d are loosened, the clip-plates K K aremoved upwardly or downwardly the desired distance, and the bolts (L aare then tightened. It is thus evident that the seat-supporting bars k70 are supported essentially upon the frame-bar a as a fulcrum, and arehinged to the rear ends of the pole-bars b b.

The forward ends of the pole-bars b b are so arranged as to be in closeproximity, and a suitable counterbalance B, Figs. 1 and 41, is securedto said forward extremities for balancing the weight of the rider uponthe seat K. In order that the counterbalance may have the greatestpossible force with the least amount of weight and may present apleasing appearance, it is secured at the extreme ends of the pole-barsb b, and consists of a lengthwise narrow body portion or rib Binterposed between the ends of the pole-bars b b and lengthwiseshoulders 13 B along the top edges of the body portion or rib B forresting upon the top edges of the front extremities of said pole-bars b1). Suitable bolts or screws B B securely clamp the forward ends of thepolebars against the opposite sides of the counterweight and firmlyfasten said counterweight in position.

In order that my improved cultivator may be more entirely under thecontrol of the operator, the axle M for the wheels M M is flexible andis composed of the central section m and the outer sections m m, as bestseen at Figs. 8 and 9. The central section is pivoted at m to thebracket L, and is provided at its opposite extremities with dependingstuds or projections m m secured thereto by bolts m m. The studs m m areformed at their upper extremities with annular shoulders m m and attheir lower extremities with V-shaped grooves m m. Beneath the lowerends of these studs or projections m m are shoulders m m of greaterlength than width, movably mounted upon and supported by the bolts m m.The outer axle-sections m m are formed with inwardly-extending arms m mand these arms are provided with elongated slots m m adapted to receivethe studs m m In assembling the axle-sections the movable shoulders "m,m are arranged so as to extend lengthwise of the arms m m and after theshoulders are forced through the slots m m the said shoulders are swungto their operative position out of alinement with the slots m m, andV-shaped projections on the upper faces of said shoulders engage thegrooves m m, as clearly illustrated at Fig. 8. The outer axle-sections mm are formed with up right slightly-taperin g sockets m m adapted toreceive similarly-shaped spindles 0 0 formed upon brackets O O securedby bolts 0 or other suitable fastening means to the opposite ends of therear frame-bar a.

It is frequently desirable to adjust the length of the axle, andconsequently the ends of the rear frame-bar a are formed with a seriesof apertures 00 for receiving the bolts 0 0, and the ends of the centralaxle-section m are formed with aseries of apertures m for receiving thebolts m". The outer axle-sections m m are also formed beneath thesockets m m with substantially horizontal bearings m m, which are splitand drawn together by bolts m m m m represent suitable cylindrical rods,having their inner ends arranged within the bearings m m and their outerends projecting beyond said bearings and adapted to support the wheels MM. It Will be readily understood that as the central axle-section m isrocked in either direction the outer axle-sections on m are suitablyrocked upon the spindles 0-0 and the wheels M M thereby forced out oftheir normal planes.

In order that the central axle-section on may be rocked practically andeffectively, I provide the levers R R, (best seen in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6,8, 9, and 10,) which are of similar construction and are arranged onopposite sides of the pivotal pin m of said axle-section m. The upperends of the levers R R are hinged at r r to the opposite extremities ofthe bracket L, previously mentioned as the support or fulcrum for theseat-supporting bars k is, and the central portions of said levers areconnected by links R R of suitable construction to points of the centralaxle-section m on opposite sides of the pivotal pin m The lowerextremities r r of the levers R R are hinged to the upper extremitiesthereof by pivotal pins r r and are provided with shoulders r r forengaging the lower end of said upper extremities and preventing thedownward movement of the lower extremities of the levers R R. Theselevers R R are each formed at the lower ends of their lower extremitieswith suitable foot-engaging portions R R in order that the operatormounted upon the seat K may conveniently rock the levers. The lowerextremities of said levers R R are hinged to the upper extremitiesthereof, as described, in order that the drag-bars D D may be elevated agreater distance than would otherwise be possible, since said bars aredirectly beneath the foot-engagin g portions of said levers R R andreadily rock the lower extremities thereof upwardly by engagementtherewith as said drag bars are elevated to their position. (Shown atFigs. 6 and 13.) As theleft-hand lever R is rocked forwardly, thecorresponding end of the central axle-section is similarly rocked, asshown by dotted lines at Fig. 9, thus rocking the wheels M Min onedirection and rocking the right-hand bar or lever R backwardly. As theright-hand lever B is brought to its normal position, the axle M iscaused to assume its normal plane, and when said lever B is forcedforwardly beyond its normal position the central axle-section m and thewheels M M are rocked in opposite directions and may be brought to theirnormal position by rocking the left-hand lever to its position.(Illustrated by full lines at Figs. 8 and 9.)

It is frequently desirable to secure the axlesections firmly togetherand prevent flexi bility of the axle, and consequently I provide a clampS for said purpose, Figs. 1, 2, 8, f), 10, 11, and 12. This clampconsists of a plate 3, mounted upon the central axle-section m andformed on its upper face with cam-faces s s, and a top plate 3*,arranged above the plate 8 and formed on its lower face with cam-faces ss and provided with an outwardly-extending arm or handle .9 A suitablebolt or clamp s is passed through said plates 9 s and through anelongated slot Z in the shoulder or flange L directly beneath theaxle-section m, and is provided at its lower end with a washer S As thecentral axle-section m is rocked from its normal position the bolt Smoves to and fro within the slot Z, and when desired to secure saidcentral axlesection from movement the lever s is forced from itsinoperative position (shown by full lines at Fig. 9) to its operativeposition, (shown by dotted lines at Fig. 9,) whereupon the adjacentcamfaces of the plates .9 s firmly draw or clamp the under face of theplate 3 against the top face of the axle-section on and the top face ofthe shoulder S on the bolt S against the underface of the flange L uponthe bracket L, and thus firmly secure said central axle-section m to thebracket L and lock the same from movement.

The operation of my invention will be readily perceived from theforegoing description and upon reference to the drawings, and it will beparticularly noted that the frame is light, strong, compact, andpleasing in appearance; that the drag-bars may be readily adjustedtransversely of the frame, operated to dig or cultivate any desireddepth of soil, forced into the soil with or without any pressure,readily rocked laterally after the required transverse adjustment, andmay be quickly and easily elevated out of operative position and firmlyheld until released from en gagement; that the clips provided upon thedrag-bars render my cultivator applicable for a great number of uses andenable the operator to perfectly control the action of the teeth; thatthe seat is easily and practically adjusted to the length of theoperators legs and the operator counterbalanced by a weight at theforward end of the cultivator-pole, and that the direction of thecultivator may be quickly and practically governed. It is thereforeevident that my improved cultivator is particularly compact, pleasing inappearance, simple and practical in construction, economical inmanufacture, and strong, durable, and efficient in use.

The detail construction and arrangement of the parts of my improvedcultivator may, however, be greatly varied without departing from thespirit of my invention. Hence I do not herein limit myself to theprecise detail construction and arrangement of the parts thereof.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a cultivator, the combination with an axle and a frame providedwith a pole, a seatsupport having its front end supported by the frameand its rear end extending rearwardly beyond the axle, a seat mounted onthe rear end of said support, and a counterbalance fixed to the frontend of the pole, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a seat-support mountedon the frame and formed with separated bars, a seat arranged above theseparated bars of said support, a clamping-bar beneath said separatedbars and a clamping-bolt movable between said separated bars, andsecured to said seat and clampingbar, for securing the seat to thesupport, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a clip-plate fixed tothe frame, a second clip-plate movable lengthwise of the formerclipplate and provided with a projecting stud, and a seat-support havingone end pivoted on said stud and its other end provided with a seat,substantially as described.

In a cultivator, the combination of dragbars, a frame-bar for supportingthe dragbars having an elevated central portion arranged above theformer bars, an evener pivoted to the elevated central portion of theframe-bar, upright bars having their extremities loosely connected tothe depressed extremities of the frame-bar and to the extremities of theevener, and whiffletrees secured to said upright bars, substantially asand for the purpose specified.

5. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame-barhaving an elevatedcentral portion, and depressed extremities, a pole consisting of a pairof bars secured to said central portion of the frame-bar and havingtheir rear ends separated and extended rearwardly beyond the frame-bar,and rearWardly-ex'tending braces interposed between the rear ends ofsaid pole-bars and the depressed extremities of said frame-bar,substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame-bar, a clip flexiblysecured to the framebar and provided with an upright slot, and adrag-bar having an upturned extremity pivoted to said clip, and arrangedin said slot, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, drag-bars having theirfront ends separated and hinged to the frame, and a straddle-bar havingits opposite ends adj ustably secured to the central portions of thedragbars, substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, movable drag-bars, astraddle-bar supported on the drag-bars, a lever hinged to the frame forengaging the straddle-bar and forcing the drag-bars downwardly, and aspring for actuating said lever, substantially as and for the purposespecified.

9. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a pair of drag-barshinged to the frame, a straddle-bar having its opposite ends connectedto the drag-bars, a lever hinged to the frame and having one end engagedwith said straddle-bar for forcingthe same downwardly, a spring foractuating the lever, and an arm at the opposite end of the lever forengaging the frame and preventing the operation of the spring,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a pair of drag-barshinged to the frame, pins or bars flexibly connected to the dragbars, astraddle-bar having its opposite extremities connected to said pins orbars, a lever hinged to the frame for engaging the straddle-bar andforcing the drag-bars downwardly, and a spring for actuating said lever,substantially as and for the purpose described.

11. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a drag-bar hinged tothe frame, a straddle-bar secured to the drag-bar and formed with alengthwise bearing, a lever having one end hinged to the frame and itsother endengaged with said lengthwise bearing for forcing the drag-bardownwardly and permitting the same to move laterally, and a spring foractuating said lever, substantially as and for the purpose described.

12. The combination of aframe-bar, a spindle supported by saidframe-bar, a lever journaled on said spindle, and a spring encirclingthe spindle with one end engaged with the frame-bar and the other endwith said lever, and a drag-bar connected, substantially as described,to said lever, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

13. In a cultivator, the combination of a pole consisting of two barshaving their rear ends separated; with a frame-bar formed with a centraldivision interposed between the rear ends of the pole-bars and providedwith depressed extremities, drag-bars having their forward ends hingedto the depressed extremities of the frame-bar, a straddle-bar having itsopposite extremities secured to the drag bars and having an elevatedcentral portion, a spindle supported by said central division of theframe-bar, a lever journaled on -the spindle and having one end movableinto engagement with the elevated central portion of the straddle-bar,and a spring for forcing said end of the lever downwardly, substantiallyas and for the purpose described.

14. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, drag bars having theirfront ends hinged to the frame and their rear ends movable laterally, astraddle-bar secured to said drag-bars and formed with stop-shoulders72. and a lever secured to the frame and having an engaging endinterposed between said stopshoulders for preventing lateral movement ofthe drag-bars, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

15. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a movable drag-bar, alever having one end secured to the drag-bar for elevating the same, anda flexible support I having one end secured to the lever and its otherend adjustably secured to the frame, substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

16. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a movable drag-barprovided with a cam-face and a shoulder j, a lever having one end hingedto the drag-bar for elevating the same, and provided with alocking-dog'or l'e,-'

ver for engaging said cam-face and shoulder, and a movable supporthaving one end secured to the lever and its other end secured to theframe, substantially as set forth.

1?. The combination of a frame formed with an engaging shoulder i, adrag-bar having its front end adjustable transversely of the frame, asupport having its upper end adjustably secured to the engaging-shoulderi, and an elevating-lever having one end hinged to the drag-bar andprovided with laterally-separated' points of attachment for securementto the lower end of said support, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

18. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a drag-bar hinged tothe frame and provided with a locking-shoulder 3' a support secured tothe frame, an elevating-lever hinged to said drag-bar and support, a dogon the elevating-lever for engaging said lockingshoulder, and anactuating-piece connected to said dog, substantially as described, forthrowing the same out of operative position, substantially as and forthe purpose specified.

19. In a cultivator, the combination of a frame, a drag-bar hinged tothe frame and provided with a stop-shoulderj and a locking-shou1derj ,asupport secured to the frame, an elevating-lever hinged to said drag-barand support and engaged with said stop-shoulder, and a locking-dog onthe lever for engaging with the locking-shoulder, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

20. The combination with a drag-bar; of a clip-plate formed on one facewith shoulders F for engaging the bar and on the other face withengaging-shoulders F, a second clipplate arranged at one side of theformer plate and provided 011 its adjacent face with shoulders F" forengaging the shoulders F, a tooth-shank passed between the shoulders Fand F and a bolt passed through said plates, substantially as and forthe purpose described.

21. The combination withadrag-bar; of a clip-plate formed on one facewith shoulders F for engaging the bar and on the other face with anupright groove F and a second groove F arranged at an angle with theformer groove, a second clip-plate arranged at one side of the formerplate and provided with a groove F registered with the groove F andformed also with a rib registered with the groove F and provided alsowith a cam-face and a lockingshoulder j on its edge, a toothshank passedthrough the grooves F and F, a bolt for clamping said plates together, alever supported at the side of the latter clipplate, and a locking-dogmounted on said lever and movable over said cam-face into en gagementwith the locking-shoulderj' substantially as specified.

22. The combination with a drag-bar and a clip-plate e on said bar; of asecond clip-plate e adj ustably engaged with the former clipplateandprovided with an upright slot a and a shank ad ustably mounted in saidslot, substantially as and for the purpose described.

23. The combination with a tooth-supporting bar; of a clip consisting ofseparable sections E having their adjacent faces inclined and formedwith interlocking shoulders, one of said sections being reversible uponthe other and provided with a groove E in its outer face, a tooth-shankarranged in the groove E and a clamp for securing together saidtooth-shank and sections, substantially as and for the purposespecified.

24K. In a cultivator, the combination with a frame; of an axle forsupporting the frame composed of rocking sections hinged together, and alever hinged to said frame and con- 25. In a cultivator, the combinationwith a frame; of an axle for supporting the frame composed of rockingcentral and outer sections hinged together, a lever hinged to said frameand connected to the central section for rocking the same from itsnormal position, and a second lever hinged to said frame and connectedto one of said sections for retracting the axle-sections to their normalposition, substantially as described.

26. In a cultivator, the combination with a frame; of separate spindlessecured to the frame, outer axle-sections hinged to said spindles andformed with inwardlyextending arms, a central axle-section having itscen tral portion pivoted to the frame and its opposite extremitieshinged to said inwardlyextending arms,and a foot-support connected,substantially as described, to rock said central axle-section,substantially as described.

27. In a flexible axle for a cultivator, the combination of a spindleprovided with a foot secured to the frame of the cultivator, anaxlesection formed with a socket for receiving said spindle and providedwith an inwardlyextending arm and with a split bearing arranged beneathsaid socket, and a wheelspindle having one end fixed in said bearing andthe other end provided with a wheel, substantially as set forth.

28. In a cultivator, the combination with a frame; of theherein-described flexible axle, the same comprising a spindle providedwith a foot secured to the frame of the cultivator, an outeraxle-section formed with a socket for receiving said spindle andprovided with an inwardly-extending arm having an elongated slot, acentral axle-section pivoted to the frame and provided at its end with alug movable longitudinally in said slot and formed at its outer end witha shoulder bearing against the top face of said inwardly-extending armof the outer axle-section, substantially as specified.

29. The combination with a frame, a movable drag-bar secured to theframe, and means for elevating the drag-bar; of a flexible axle securedto the frame, and an actuating-lever for varying the position of theflexible axle having its lower end pivoted to the upper portion thereofand movable upwardly for permitting the elevation of the drag-barswithout affecting the position of the axle, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

30. In a cultivator,the combination of a supporting-bar and a clip-plateon the supportingbar; with a tooth-shank consisting of a central barhaving its upper end secured to the clip-plate and a folded bar havingits opposite extremities arranged on opposite sides of the central barand fixed thereto, a tooth ar-

